According to the most recent data from the United Nations, India is expected to become the world's most populous nation by 2023, surpassing China. The UN predicts that on July 1, 2023, India's population will reach 1.428 billion, while China's population will be 1.426 billion at the same time. India's population growth rate is higher than China's due to factors such as higher fertility, lower mortality, and a younger age structure.