The Israel-Hamas War of 2023 was a violent conflict that started on October 7, 2023, when Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups launched a surprise attack on Israel from the Gaza Strip. The attack killed more than 1,200 people, mostly Israeli civilians, and took more than 200 hostages. Israel responded with air strikes and ground operations in Gaza, aiming to destroy the militants’ infrastructure and capabilities. The war lasted for more than two months, with several attempts at mediation and cease-fire. The war ended on December 19, 2023, with a UN-brokered agreement that included the release of the hostages, the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza, the lifting of the blockade on Gaza, and the establishment of a joint security mechanism to prevent future attacks. The war caused widespread destruction, displacement, and suffering on both sides, as well as international condemnation and humanitarian crisis